AI & Learning Series

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· By Rushikesh Mohalkar · ⏱ 10 min read


Introduction to Machine Learning

Machine Learning (ML) is a key branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on building systems capable of learning from data rather than relying on explicit instructions. By recognizing patterns in historical examples, ML models can make predictions, classify information, or recommend actions autonomously.

Core Concepts

Common Algorithms

Typical Machine Learning Lifecycle

"The ML lifecycle is iterative — models evolve as data and goals change."
  1. Define the problem and success metric.
  2. Collect and clean data.
  3. Split into training, validation, and test sets.
  4. Train models on training data.
  5. Evaluate and tune hyperparameters.
  6. Test on unseen data and deploy.
  7. Monitor and retrain with new data.
graph TD A["Problem Definition"] --> B["Data Collection & Cleaning"] B --> C["Train/Validation/Test Split"] C --> D["Model Training"] D --> E["Evaluation & Tuning"] E --> F["Deployment"] F --> G["Monitoring & Retraining"]

Real-World Applications

Challenges & Best Practices

ML success depends on data quality, problem framing, and validation. Challenges include:

Traditional Programming vs Machine Learning

Aspect Traditional Programming Machine Learning
Approach Explicit rules coded by humans Patterns learned from data
Adaptability Rigid, requires manual updates Adaptive, improves with more data
Complexity Limited to predefined rules Capable of modeling complex, non-linear patterns

Future Outlook

The future of machine learning is intertwined with advances in data availability, computational power, and ethical AI practices. Emerging trends include:



Machine Learning is not just a toolkit — it’s a transformative paradigm reshaping industries, science, and everyday life.

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